The aim of this paper is to investigates the existence of the dispersion of SH-wave in a Heterogeneous orthotropic layer lying over a Heterogeneous elastic half-space and underlying an inhomogeneous semi-infinite medium. Hyperbolic variation in upper semi-infinite associated with directional rigidities and density has been considered while linear variation in the intermediate layer associated with initial stress, density, shear moduli and lower half-space associated with rigidity and density has been considered. The dispersion equation of SH-wave has been obtained in a closed form by using variable separation method. The effects of inhomogeneities of the assumed media are illustrated by figures using MATLAB programming. The Earth's composition is Heterogeneous that incorporates extremely hard layers. The propagation of SH-wave across crustal layer of the Earth very much depends upon heterogeneity and orthotropic properties. In fact, the observation reveals that the phase velocity of SH-wave is directly proportionate to inhomogeneity parameter, orthotropic parameter and heterogeneity parameter. That means as inhomogeneity parameter and heterogeneity orthotropic parameter increases, the phase velocity of SH-wave increases proportionately. Moreover, the obtained dispersion equation of SH-wave coincides with the classical result of Love wave as initial stress, inhomogeneities, and the upper semiinfinite medium is neglected. This analysis may be helpful to expound the nature of the dispersion of seismic waves in elastic media.

The use of agent-based models on the Heterogeneous behavior of agents has expanded considerably over the past years. This paper investigates the model based on the behavior of agents and considers the heterogeneity of agent models. In this study, we examine the effect of different forming of individuals' expectations on macroeconomic variables and the re-distributional effects of monetary policy. This paper revisit the transmission mechanism from monetary policy to household consumption in a Heterogeneous Agent New Keynesian (HANK) model. The model yields empirically realistic distributions of wealth and marginal propensities to consume because of two features: uninsurable income shocks and multiple assets with different degrees of liquidity and different returns. In this model, the indirect effects of an unexpected monetary policy, which operate through a general equilibrium increase in labor demand, far outweigh direct effects such as intertemporal substitution. This finding is in Representative Agent New Keynesian (RANK) economies, where the substitution channel drives virtually all of the transmission from monetary policy to consumption then failure of Ricardian equivalence implies that, in HANK models, the fiscal reaction to the monetary expansion is a key determinant of the overall size of the macroeconomic response. The results indicate that under discretionary circumstances, the attempt of the monetary authority to redistribute wealth to the borrower's households, which have a higher utility of net wealth than the other households, leads to changes in inflationary biases. However, under commitment circumstances, this inflationary pressure will be offset by changes in expectations for future inflation over time.

In this paper, HZSM5 zeolite was synthesized through reflux method on support material CaO (25, 35 and 45 wt%) in two specific methods: microwave and impregnation at high temperature. The zeolite catalyst was modified with impregnation of NaOH (2, 4, 8, 12 wt%) at room temperature. The modified zeolite was used in transesterification of rapeseed oil with methanol in abatch catalytic process. In transesterification of rapeseed oil, the catalyticactivities of HZSM5, NaZSM5, KZSM5 were considered. The prepared catalysts were characterized by several techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) surface area and also the surface image was scanned by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The parameters affecting on biodiesel yield at optimum reaction conditions were investigated. The maximum yield was achieved with 8wt% of NaOH loaded on HZSM5 at reaction temperature of 65˚ C, reaction time of 12 hours and catalyst/oil mass ratio of 9. Also the yield of CaO loaded with impregnation at high temperature was more desired than CaO loaded with microwave. Meanwhile the catalytic activity of HZSM5, NaZSM5 and KZSM5 was nearly zero; and the catalytic activity of modified zeolite was HZSM5>NaZSM5>KZSM5 subsequently.

The present study analyzes the optimal price and quality decisions of a retailer for its different stores in a Heterogeneous market. The consumers are also assumed to be Heterogeneous in terms of their willingness to pay for quality who are non-uniformly distributed in the market. This type of heterogeneity which is identi, ed based on income disparity can have important implications for a retailer's optimal policy. The main objective of this study is to determine how the distribution of di, erent types of consumers in the market and how their travel costs a, ect the optimal setting of price and quality levels among di, erent stores of a retailer. According to the , ndings of this study, the geographical disparity of willingness to pay plays a signi, cant role in di, erentiation and targeting strategy of a retailer. Furthermore, a comparative analysis revealed that the widely adopted assumption of uniform distribution of consumers in the literature would lead to non-optimal decisions in which the distribution of consumers is non-uniform in a real-world situation.

Introduction In recent years, Benzoazoles and their derivatives have been of much significance due to their medical, physiological and biological properties [1] they are found in antiviral, antiulcer, antifungal, antihypertensive, anticancer, antihistamine antiinflammatory, [2, 3] antidepressant, antitumor, antifungal, antimycotic, antibiotic, antiulcerative, antibacterial and anti-allergic [4] compounds. Benzimidazoles and their derivatives are also known to be the key reaction intermediates in organic synthesis [5] for which two general methods have been reported. They include condensation of 2-aminothiophenol or 1, 2-phenylenediamine with carboxylic acids or their derivatives (nitriles, imidates, or ortho-esters) [6] in the presence of strong catalysts like Bronsted and Lewis acids (AlCl3 and BF3) [7] and the oxidative cyclization of 1, 2-phenylenediamine and 2-aminothiophenol with aldehydes [8]. The later method implies broad applicability due to the existence of a wide variety of aldehydes and oxidative reagents (i. e. nitrobenzene,...